Is a washing-machine valve the same as a normal utility tap?

Not always. The size, connection style and layout can differ. It is better to fit a tap for the specific task.

Is the cheapest balcony or garden tap good enough?

Usually not. Outdoor and utility taps see sun, dirt and frequent use, so saving too much often ends in leakage.

Yes. It is both the correct and the convenient way to service or isolate equipment without shutting down the whole apartment.

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Tap installation in Israel — utility, outdoor and service taps | KABLAY